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Development of an integrated structural health monitoring system for bridge structures in operational

Xinqun ZHU, Hong HAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 321-333 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0161-y

摘要： This paper presents an overview of development of an integrated structural health monitoring system. The integrated system includes vibration and guided-wave based structural health monitoring. It integrates the real-time heterogeneous sensor data acquiring system, data analysis and interpretation, physical-based numerical simulation of complex structural system under operational conditions and structural evaluation. The study is mainly focused on developing: integrated sensor technology, integrated structural damage identification with operational loads monitoring, and integrated structural evaluation with results from system identification. Numerical simulation and its implementation in laboratory show that the system is effective and reliable to detect local damage and global conditions of bridge structures.

关键词： integrated structural health monitoring operational conditions vibration and guided wave

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Structural health monitoring with fiber optic sensors

F. ANSARI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第2期页码 103-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0032-y

摘要： Optical fiber sensors have been successfully implemented in aeronautics, mechanical systems, and medical applications. Civil structures pose further challenges in monitoring mainly due to their large dimensions, diversity and heterogeneity of materials involved, and hostile construction environment. This article provides a summary of basic principles pertaining to practical health monitoring of civil engineering structures with optical fiber sensors. The issues discussed include basic sensor principles, strain transfer mechanism, sensor packaging, sensor placement in construction environment, and reliability and survivability of the sensors.

关键词： Bridges structural health monitoring smart skins cracks strains displacements fiber optic sensors FBG structures

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Self-powered structural health monitoring with nonlinear energy harvesting system

Kaori YUSE, Michael LALLART, Lionel PETIT, Claude RICHARD, Thomas MONNIER, Daniel GUYOMAR,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 61-66 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0057-2

摘要： The present paper describes the application of the fully self-powered structural health monitoring (SHM). Based on the nonlinear process of microgenerators that directly convert ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy, using the synchronized switch harvesting (SSH) method developed in our laboratory, the nonwired SHM system is equipped. The system is separated into two parts. One is an autonomous wireless transmitter (AWT), its mass is 28.9 g, and it generates a radio frequency (RF) signal and a Lamb waveform as a damage index signal. Another part is these receivers, called autonomous wireless receiver (AWR), and its weight is of 67.6 g. A preliminary design of the device using shelf electronics and surface mounted piezoelectric patches is presented. The energy balance shows that more than enough energy to operate these processes can be obtained within 10 s (when around 50 Hz and more than 2 MPa of the stress level). Some different damage index measurements of SHM are finally discussed.

关键词： energy harvesting piezoelectric generators electromechanical conversion self-powered devices structural health monitoring (SHM) wireless

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Continuous dynamic monitoring of a centenary iron bridge for structural modification assessment

Carmelo GENTILE,Antonella SAISI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 26-41 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0284-4

摘要： A multi-channel continuous dynamic monitoring system has been installed in a centenary iron arch bridge on late November 2011. The historic infrastructure, completed in 1889 and crossing the Adda river about 50 km far from Milan, is the most important monument of XIX century iron architecture in Italy and is still used as roadway and railway bridge. The monitoring project follows a series of preliminary ambient vibration tests carried out on the bridge since June 2009. The paper describes the bridge structure and its dynamic characteristics identified from the experimental studies developed since 2009, the installed monitoring system and the software developed in LabVIEW for automatically processing the collected data. Subsequently, the tracking of automatically identified natural frequencies over a period of about 18 months is presented and discussed, highlighting the effects of environmental and operational conditions on the bridge dynamic characteristics as well as the detection of structural changes, mainly based on natural frequencies shifts.

关键词： automated modal identification continuous dynamic monitoring environmental/operational effects iron arch bridge structural health monitoring

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Frontier of continuous structural health monitoring system for short & medium span bridges and condition

Ayaho MIYAMOTO, Risto KIVILUOMA, Akito YABE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 569-604 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0498-y

摘要： It is becoming an important social problem to make maintenance and rehabilitation of existing short and medium span(10-20 m) bridges because there are a huge amount of short and medium span bridges in service in the world. The kernel of such bridge management is to develop a method of safety(condition) assessment on items which include remaining life and load carrying capacity. Bridge health monitoring using information technology and sensors is capable of providing more accurate knowledge of bridge performance than traditional strategies. The aim of this paper is to introduce a state-of-the-art on not only a rational bridge health monitoring system incorporating with the information and communication technologies for lifetime management of existing short and medium span bridges but also a continuous data collecting system designed for bridge health monitoring of mainly short and medium span bridges. In this paper, although there are some useful monitoring methods for short and medium span bridges based on the qualitative or quantitative information, mainly two advanced structural health monitoring systems are described to review and analyse the potential of utilizing the long term health monitoring in safety assessment and management issues for short and medium span bridge. The first is a special designed mobile loading device(vehicle) for short and medium span road bridges to assess the structural safety(performance) and derive optimal strategies for maintenance using reliability based method. The second is a long term health monitoring method by using the public buses as part of a public transit system (called bus monitoring system) to be applied mainly to short and medium span bridges, along with safety indices, namely, “characteristic deflection” which is relatively free from the influence of dynamic disturbances due to such factors as the roughness of the road surface, and a structural anomaly parameter.

关键词： condition assessment short & medium span bridge structural health monitoring(SHM) long-term data collection system maintenance bridge performance information technology loading vehicle(public bus) in-situ loading

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基于ArcObjects的西堠门大桥结构监测软件设计

谢浩,李娜,冯良平,陈卫国,张晓斌,刘志强

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第7期页码 107-109

摘要：

论述了桥梁结构监测系统软件的基本功能、基本组成；阐述了ArcObjects在软件中的应用；指出了软件设计的关键技术和难点。

关键词： GIS ArcObjects 结构监测

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基于RDL的桥梁结构安全监测系统数据报表的研究

张晓斌,陈卫国

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第7期页码 110-112

摘要：

针对传统数据报表方案数据分析灵活性低或数据错误率高等弊端，文章转化问题为多模板报表模式，提出了一种基于报表定义语言的报表设计方案。工程应用结果表明，该方案具有灵活性高、一体化程度高和可操作性强的优点，因而能够有效地对桥梁结构安全监测系统数据进行分析。

关键词：桥梁结构安全监测系统 RDL 报表定义语言数据报表

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结构健康监测数据科学与工程研究进展 Article

鲍跃全, 陈智成, 魏世银, 徐阳, 唐志一, 李惠

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第2期页码 234-242 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.027

摘要：

结构健康监测（SHM）是一个多学科交叉领域，涉及利用大量传感器和仪器对结构荷载和响应进行自动感知，然后根据收集到的数据对结构进行健康诊断。由于安装在结构上的 SHM 系统能自动实时地感知、评估和预警结构状态，所以海量数据是 SHM 的一个显著特征。与海量数据处理与分析相关的方法与技术被称为数据科学与工程，其包括数据采集、数据转换、数据管理以及数据处理与挖掘算法。本文旨在简要回顾笔者在 SHM 数据科学与工程方面开展的最新研究，具体涵盖基于压缩采样的数据采集算法、基于深度学习算法的异常数据诊断方法、基于计算机视觉技术的桥梁裂纹识别方法，以及基于机器学习算法的桥梁结构状态评估方法。最后，本文在结语部分对该领域的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词：结构健康监测监测数据压缩采样机器学习深度学习

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Research on applications of piezoelectric materials in smart structures

Jinhao QIU, Hongli JI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 99-117 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0212-4

摘要：

Piezoelectric materials have become the most attractive functional materials for sensors and actuators in smart structures because they can directly convert mechanical energy to electrical energy and vise versa. They have excellent electromechanical coupling characteristics and excellent frequency response. In this article, some research activities on the applications of piezoelectric materials in smart structures, including semi-active vibration control based on synchronized switch damping using negative capacitance, energy harvesting using new electronic interfaces, structural health monitoring based on a new type of piezoelectric fibers with metal core, and active hysteresis control based on new modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii model at the Aeronautical Science Key Laboratory for Smart Materials and Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics are introduced.

关键词： piezoelectric materials vibration control energy harvesting structural health monitoring piezoelectric hysteresis

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Low crosstalk switch unit for dense piezoelectric sensor networks

Lei QIU, Shenfang YUAN,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第4期页码 401-406 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0047-4

摘要： Structural health monitoring (SHM), on the basis of piezoelectric (PZT) sensors and lamb wave method, is efficient in estimating the state of monitored structures. Furthermore, to monitor large-scale structures, dense piezoelectric sensor networks are required, which usually contain many piezoelectric sensor pairs called actuator-sensor channels. In that case, considering the few data acquisition channels especially in the data acquisition board with a high sampling rate and limited quantity of signal amplifiers used in an integrated computer system, a switch unit is adopted to switch to different channels. Because of the high frequency and power of the lamb wave excitation signal, there exists a crosstalk signal in the switch unit. A large crosstalk signal is mixed into the response signal so that the on/off-line signal processing task is difficult to achieve. This paper first analyzes the crosstalk signal phenomenon, describes its production mechanism, and proposes a method to reduce it. Then a 24-switch channel low crosstalk switch unit based on a digital I/O board PCI7248 produced by Adlink technology is developed. An experiment is implemented to validate it. Its low crosstalk characteristics make it promote the real application of the SHM based active lamb wave method. Finally, a general software program based on LabVIEW software platform is developed to control this switch unit.

关键词： structural health monitoring (SHM) piezoelectric (PZT) sensor networks switch unit crosstalk signal

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Crack detection for wading-concrete structures using water irrigation and electric heating

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 368-377 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0926-x

摘要： Cracking in wading-concrete structures has a worse impact on structural safety compared with conventional concrete structures. The accurate and timely monitoring of crack development plays a significant role in the safety of wading-concrete engineering. The heat-transfer rate near a crack is related to the flow velocity of the fluid in the crack. Based on this, a novel crack-identification method for underwater concrete structures is presented. This method uses water irrigation to generate seepage at the interface of a crack; then, the heat-dissipation rate in the crack area will increase because of the convective heat-transfer effect near the crack. Crack information can be identified by monitoring the cooling law and leakage flow near cracks. The proposed mobile crack-monitoring system consists of a heating system, temperature-measurement system, and irrigation system. A series of tests was conducted on a reinforced-concrete beam using this system. The crack-discrimination index ψ was defined, according to the subsection characteristics of the heat-source cooling curve. The effects of the crack width, leakage flow, and relative positions of the heat source and crack on ψ were studied. The results showed that the distribution characteristics of ψ along the monitoring line could accurately locate the crack, but not quantify the crack width. However, the leakage flow is sensitive to the crack width and can be used to identify it.

关键词： structural health monitoring underwater concrete structure fiber Bragg grating crack detection temperature tracer method

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Vibration testing of a steel girder bridge using cabled and wireless sensors

Dapeng ZHU, Yang WANG, James BROWNJOHN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 249-258 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0113-y

摘要： Being able to significantly reduce system installation time and cost, wireless sensing technology has attracted much interest in the structural health monitoring (SHM) community. This paper reports the field application of a wireless sensing system on a 4-span highway bridge located in Wayne, New Jersey in the US. Bridge vibration due to traffic and ambient excitation is measured. To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, a low-noise high-gain signal conditioning module is developed for the wireless sensing system. Nineteen wireless and nineteen cabled accelerometers are first installed along the sidewalk of two neighboring bridge spans. The performance of the wireless sensing system is compared with the high-precision cabled sensing system. In the next series of testing, 16 wireless accelerometers are installed under the deck of another bridge span, forming a 4 × 4 array. Operating deflection analysis is successfully conducted using the wireless measurement of traffic and ambient vibrations.

关键词： wireless sensing structural health monitoring (SHM) signal conditioning operating deflection analysis ambient vibration

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光纤传感技术在飞行器结构变形监测中的应用 Review

祝连庆, 孙广开, 包为民, 尤政, 孟凡勇, 董明利

《工程（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 39-55 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.022

摘要：

基于光纤传感网络的飞行器结构变形监测一直是航空航天领域的研究热点。经过近30年来的研究发展，国内外研究人员在相关理论和方法、技术与系统和试验测试方面已经取得了较大进展，推动了光纤传感技术从实验室研究向工程应用的演进。但是，目前在实际应用中仍然存在若干问题，限制了该技术的应用发展，亟待探讨解决方法。为此，梳理了飞行器结构变形监测的研究发展历程，分析了光纤传感监测的主要技术类型、技术优缺点、机载适用性、变形重构算法和典型应用案例，指出了当前需要研究解决的关键问题和工程应用的主要演进范式，并结合新材料、标准化和智能化等内容探讨了未来发展方向。

关键词：光纤传感技术变形监测结构健康监测飞行器航空航天

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Digital monitoring and health diagnosis for mechanical equipment operation safety based on fiber Bragg

Zude ZHOU, Desheng JIANG, Quan LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第1期页码 5-14 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0011-3

摘要： This paper introduces fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based on a fiber optic grating sensor developed to be embedded on mechanical equipment for digital monitoring and health diagnosis. The theoretical and experimental researches on the new-style FBG sensor (FBGS) technology, high-speed demodulation, and data transmission are discussed. The transmission characteristics between the FBG and the detection interface, modeling and compensation method for online distributed multi-parameter digital monitoring and methods for data processing, synchronous sampling, and long-term dynamic digital monitoring using embedded technology are also presented. The acquired information by an FBGS can be used for the optimization of maintenance schedules and refinement of mechanical equipment design. It is a challenge to gather real-time data from components working at high speed and in a severe environment of high temperature, high pressure, and high rotation speed. Currently, there are no sensors or technologies available for digital monitoring and health diagnosis under this rigorous situation for use in mechanical engineering operation safety. As a result, this paper introduces an online distributed and integrated digital monitoring system and health diagnosis. The new principle and new method will contribute to modern measurements in science and technology, mechanical engineering, and large mechanical equipment operation safety.

关键词： fiber Bragg grating sensor (FBGS) mechanical equipment operation safety embedded technology high-speed demodulation digital monitoring health diagnosis

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Major bridge development in Hong Kong, China—past, present and future

Michael CH HUI, Doris YAU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 405-414 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0136-4

摘要： The first “modern” type of vehicular bridge was built in Hong Kong China in the 1920s. The need for an efficient transportation system to cope with population growth and enable economic development has demanded the construction of more and more bridges since the middle of the 20th century. By 2007, Hong Kong had a total of about 1300 vehicular bridges. Four of these bridges, including the Tsing Ma Bridge, Kap Shui Mun Bridge, Ting Kau Bridge, and the cable-stayed bridge on the Hong Kong- Shenzhen Western Corridor, are considered to be major bridges supported by cables. Currently, the Stonecutters Bridge on Route No. 8 is under construction and is expected to be completed in late 2009. At the same time, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge will be in its detailed design stage soon. While efforts have been made by bridge builders to construct these giant structures, the upkeeping of these valuable assets at a high standard and ensuring their continuous functioning and performance during their intended lifespans will be another important task for bridge engineers. Wind and structural health monitoring system (WASHMS) will play a key role in this respect.

关键词： Tsing Ma Bridge Kap Shui Mun Bridge Ting Kau Bridge Stonecutters Bridge Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge wind and structural health monitoring system (WASHMS)